instruction.hpp

Go to the documentation of this file.

#pragma once
 
#include <cstdint>
#include <cstring>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <variant>
 
#include "barretenberg/numeric/uint128/uint128.hpp"
#include "barretenberg/serialize/msgpack.hpp"
#include "barretenberg/serialize/msgpack_impl.hpp"
#include "barretenberg/vm2/common/field.hpp"
#include "barretenberg/vm2/common/memory_types.hpp"
 
using MemoryTag = bb::avm2::MemoryTag;
 
struct MemoryTagWrapper {
    MemoryTag value;
 
    MemoryTagWrapper() = default;
    MemoryTagWrapper(MemoryTag v)
        : value(v)
    {}
 
    operator MemoryTag() const { return value; }
 
    void msgpack_pack(auto& packer) const
    {
        uint64_t value_to_serialize = static_cast<uint64_t>(this->value);
        packer.pack_bin(sizeof(value_to_serialize));
        packer.pack_bin_body((char*)&value_to_serialize, sizeof(value_to_serialize)); // NOLINT
    }
 
    void msgpack_unpack(msgpack::object const& o)
    {
        // Handle binary data unpacking
        if (o.type == msgpack::type::BIN) {
            auto bin = o.via.bin;
            if (bin.size == sizeof(uint64_t)) {
                uint64_t value_to_deserialize = 0;
                std::memcpy(&value_to_deserialize, bin.ptr, sizeof(value_to_deserialize));
                *this = MemoryTagWrapper(static_cast<MemoryTag>(value_to_deserialize));
            } else {
                throw std::runtime_error("Invalid binary data size for MemoryTag");
            }
        }
    }
};
 
enum class AddressingMode : uint8_t {
    Direct = 0,
    Indirect = 1,
    Relative = 2,
    IndirectRelative = 3,
};
 
struct AddressingModeWrapper {
    AddressingMode value;
 
    AddressingModeWrapper() = default;
    AddressingModeWrapper(AddressingMode v)
        : value(v)
    {}
 
    operator AddressingMode() const { return value; }
 
    void msgpack_pack(auto& packer) const
    {
        uint8_t value_to_serialize = static_cast<uint8_t>(this->value);
        packer.pack_bin(sizeof(value_to_serialize));
        packer.pack_bin_body((char*)&value_to_serialize, sizeof(value_to_serialize)); // NOLINT
    }
 
    void msgpack_unpack(msgpack::object const& o)
    {
        // Handle binary data unpacking
        if (o.type == msgpack::type::BIN) {
            auto bin = o.via.bin;
            if (bin.size == sizeof(uint8_t)) {
                uint8_t value_to_deserialize = 0;
                std::memcpy(&value_to_deserialize, bin.ptr, sizeof(value_to_deserialize));
                *this = AddressingModeWrapper(static_cast<AddressingMode>(value_to_deserialize));
            } else {
                throw std::runtime_error("Invalid binary data size for AddressingMode");
            }
        }
    }
};
 
struct VariableRef {
    MemoryTagWrapper tag;
    uint32_t index = 0;
 
    uint16_t pointer_address_seed = 0;
 
    AddressingModeWrapper mode = AddressingMode::Direct;
 
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(tag, index, pointer_address_seed, mode);
};
 
struct AddressRef {
    uint32_t address = 0;
 
    uint16_t pointer_address_seed = 0;
 
    AddressingModeWrapper mode = AddressingMode::Direct;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(address, pointer_address_seed, mode);
};
 
using ParamRef = std::variant<VariableRef, AddressRef>;
 
struct ResolvedAddress {
    uint32_t absolute_address = 0;
    uint32_t operand_address = 0;
    std::optional<uint32_t> pointer_address = std::nullopt;
    bool via_relative = false;
};
 
inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const ResolvedAddress& address)
{
    os << "ResolvedAddress {\n";
    os << "  absolute_address: " << address.absolute_address << ",\n";
    os << "  operand_address: " << address.operand_address << ",\n";
    os << "  pointer_address: " << address.pointer_address.value() << ",\n";
    os << "  via_relative: " << address.via_relative << ",\n";
    os << "}";
    return os;
}
 
struct ADD_8_Instruction {
    ParamRef a_address;
    ParamRef b_address;
    AddressRef result_address;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(a_address, b_address, result_address);
};
 
struct SUB_8_Instruction {
    ParamRef a_address;
    ParamRef b_address;
    AddressRef result_address;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(a_address, b_address, result_address);
};
 
struct MUL_8_Instruction {
    ParamRef a_address;
    ParamRef b_address;
    AddressRef result_address;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(a_address, b_address, result_address);
};
 
struct DIV_8_Instruction {
    ParamRef a_address;
    ParamRef b_address;
    AddressRef result_address;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(a_address, b_address, result_address);
};
 
struct FDIV_8_Instruction {
    ParamRef a_address;
    ParamRef b_address;
    AddressRef result_address;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(a_address, b_address, result_address);
};
 
struct EQ_8_Instruction {
    ParamRef a_address;
    ParamRef b_address;
    AddressRef result_address;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(a_address, b_address, result_address);
};
 
struct LT_8_Instruction {
    ParamRef a_address;
    ParamRef b_address;
    AddressRef result_address;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(a_address, b_address, result_address);
};
 
struct LTE_8_Instruction {
    ParamRef a_address;
    ParamRef b_address;
    AddressRef result_address;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(a_address, b_address, result_address);
};
 
struct AND_8_Instruction {
    ParamRef a_address;
    ParamRef b_address;
    AddressRef result_address;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(a_address, b_address, result_address);
};
 
struct OR_8_Instruction {
    ParamRef a_address;
    ParamRef b_address;
    AddressRef result_address;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(a_address, b_address, result_address);
};
 
struct XOR_8_Instruction {
    ParamRef a_address;
    ParamRef b_address;
    AddressRef result_address;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(a_address, b_address, result_address);
};
 
struct NOT_8_Instruction {
    ParamRef a_address;
    AddressRef result_address;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(a_address, result_address);
};
 
struct SHL_8_Instruction {
    ParamRef a_address;
    ParamRef b_address;
    AddressRef result_address;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(a_address, b_address, result_address);
};
 
struct SHR_8_Instruction {
    ParamRef a_address;
    ParamRef b_address;
    AddressRef result_address;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(a_address, b_address, result_address);
};
 
struct SET_8_Instruction {
    MemoryTagWrapper value_tag;
    AddressRef result_address;
    uint8_t value;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(value_tag, result_address, value);
};
 
struct SET_16_Instruction {
    MemoryTagWrapper value_tag;
    AddressRef result_address;
    uint16_t value;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(value_tag, result_address, value);
};
 
struct SET_32_Instruction {
    MemoryTagWrapper value_tag;
    AddressRef result_address;
    uint32_t value;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(value_tag, result_address, value);
};
 
struct SET_64_Instruction {
    MemoryTagWrapper value_tag;
    AddressRef result_address;
    uint64_t value;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(value_tag, result_address, value);
};
 
struct SET_128_Instruction {
    MemoryTagWrapper value_tag;
    AddressRef result_address;
    uint64_t value_low;
    uint64_t value_high;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(value_tag, result_address, value_low, value_high);
};
 
struct SET_FF_Instruction {
    MemoryTagWrapper value_tag;
    AddressRef result_address;
    bb::avm2::FF value;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(value_tag, result_address, value);
};
 
struct MOV_8_Instruction {
    MemoryTagWrapper value_tag;
    ParamRef src_address;
    AddressRef result_address;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(value_tag, src_address, result_address);
};
 
struct MOV_16_Instruction {
    MemoryTagWrapper value_tag;
    ParamRef src_address;
    AddressRef result_address;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(value_tag, src_address, result_address);
};
 
struct ADD_16_Instruction {
    ParamRef a_address;
    ParamRef b_address;
    AddressRef result_address;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(a_address, b_address, result_address);
};
 
struct SUB_16_Instruction {
    ParamRef a_address;
    ParamRef b_address;
    AddressRef result_address;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(a_address, b_address, result_address);
};
 
struct MUL_16_Instruction {
    ParamRef a_address;
    ParamRef b_address;
    AddressRef result_address;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(a_address, b_address, result_address);
};
 
struct DIV_16_Instruction {
    ParamRef a_address;
    ParamRef b_address;
    AddressRef result_address;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(a_address, b_address, result_address);
};
 
struct FDIV_16_Instruction {
    ParamRef a_address;
    ParamRef b_address;
    AddressRef result_address;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(a_address, b_address, result_address);
};
 
struct EQ_16_Instruction {
    ParamRef a_address;
    ParamRef b_address;
    AddressRef result_address;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(a_address, b_address, result_address);
};
 
struct LT_16_Instruction {
    ParamRef a_address;
    ParamRef b_address;
    AddressRef result_address;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(a_address, b_address, result_address);
};
 
struct LTE_16_Instruction {
    ParamRef a_address;
    ParamRef b_address;
    AddressRef result_address;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(a_address, b_address, result_address);
};
 
struct AND_16_Instruction {
    ParamRef a_address;
    ParamRef b_address;
    AddressRef result_address;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(a_address, b_address, result_address);
};
 
struct OR_16_Instruction {
    ParamRef a_address;
    ParamRef b_address;
    AddressRef result_address;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(a_address, b_address, result_address);
};
 
struct XOR_16_Instruction {
    ParamRef a_address;
    ParamRef b_address;
    AddressRef result_address;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(a_address, b_address, result_address);
};
 
struct NOT_16_Instruction {
    ParamRef a_address;
    AddressRef result_address;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(a_address, result_address);
};
 
struct SHL_16_Instruction {
    ParamRef a_address;
    ParamRef b_address;
    AddressRef result_address;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(a_address, b_address, result_address);
};
 
struct SHR_16_Instruction {
    ParamRef a_address;
    ParamRef b_address;
    AddressRef result_address;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(a_address, b_address, result_address);
};
 
struct CAST_8_Instruction {
    MemoryTagWrapper src_tag;
    ParamRef src_address;
    AddressRef result_address;
    MemoryTagWrapper target_tag;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(src_tag, src_address, result_address, target_tag);
};
 
struct CAST_16_Instruction {
    MemoryTagWrapper src_tag;
    ParamRef src_address;
    AddressRef result_address;
    MemoryTagWrapper target_tag;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(src_tag, src_address, result_address, target_tag);
};
 
struct SSTORE_Instruction {
    ParamRef src_address;
    AddressRef result_address;
    bb::avm2::FF slot;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(src_address, result_address, slot);
};
 
struct SLOAD_Instruction {
    uint16_t slot_index;               // index of the slot in memory_manager.storage_addresses
    AddressRef slot_address;           // address where we set slot value
    ParamRef contract_address_address; // address where the contract address will be stored
    AddressRef result_address;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(slot_index, slot_address, contract_address_address, result_address);
};
 
struct GETENVVAR_Instruction {
    AddressRef result_address;
    uint8_t type;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(result_address, type);
};
 
struct EMITNULLIFIER_Instruction {
    ParamRef nullifier_address;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(nullifier_address);
};
 
struct NULLIFIEREXISTS_Instruction {
    ParamRef siloed_nullifier_address; // The already-siloed nullifier to check
    AddressRef result_address;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(siloed_nullifier_address, result_address);
};
 
struct L1TOL2MSGEXISTS_Instruction {
    ParamRef msg_hash_address;   // FF: the message hash
    ParamRef leaf_index_address; // U64: leaf index in the message tree
    AddressRef result_address;   // result (U1)
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(msg_hash_address, leaf_index_address, result_address);
};
 
struct EMITNOTEHASH_Instruction {
    AddressRef note_hash_address; // absolute address where the note hash will be stored
    bb::avm2::FF note_hash;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(note_hash_address, note_hash);
};
 
struct NOTEHASHEXISTS_Instruction {
    ParamRef notehash_address;
    ParamRef leaf_index_address;
    AddressRef result_address;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(notehash_address, leaf_index_address, result_address);
};
 
struct CALLDATACOPY_Instruction {
    ParamRef copy_size_address;
    ParamRef cd_offset_address;
    AddressRef dst_address;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(copy_size_address, cd_offset_address, dst_address);
};
 
struct SENDL2TOL1MSG_Instruction {
    ParamRef recipient_address;
    ParamRef content_address;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(recipient_address, content_address);
};
 
struct EMITPUBLICLOG_Instruction {
    ParamRef log_size_address;
    ParamRef log_values_address;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(log_size_address, log_values_address);
};
 
struct CALL_Instruction {
    ParamRef l2_gas_address;
    ParamRef da_gas_address;
    ParamRef contract_address_address;
    ParamRef calldata_address;
    // Hacked  a bit so we can limit the calldata size to a reasonable value for the TS sim.
    AddressRef calldata_size_address;
    uint16_t calldata_size;
    bool is_static_call;
 
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(l2_gas_address,
                         da_gas_address,
                         contract_address_address,
                         calldata_address,
                         calldata_size_address,
                         calldata_size,
                         is_static_call);
};
 
struct RETURNDATASIZE_Instruction {
    AddressRef dst_address;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(dst_address);
};
 
struct RETURNDATACOPY_Instruction {
    ParamRef copy_size_address;
    ParamRef rd_offset_address;
    AddressRef dst_address;
 
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(copy_size_address, rd_offset_address, dst_address);
};
 
struct GETCONTRACTINSTANCE_Instruction {
    ParamRef contract_address_address; // where the contract address will be stored
    uint8_t member_enum;
    AddressRef dst_address;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(contract_address_address, member_enum, dst_address);
};
 
struct SUCCESSCOPY_Instruction {
    AddressRef dst_address;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(dst_address);
};
 
struct ECADD_Instruction {
    ParamRef p1_x;
    ParamRef p1_y;
    ParamRef p2_x;
    ParamRef p2_y;
    AddressRef result;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(p1_x, p1_y, p2_x, p2_y, result);
};
 
struct POSEIDON2PERM_Instruction {
    ParamRef src_address;
    AddressRef dst_address;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(src_address, dst_address);
};
 
struct KECCAKF1600_Instruction {
    ParamRef src_address;
    AddressRef dst_address;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(src_address, dst_address);
};
 
struct SHA256COMPRESSION_Instruction {
    ParamRef state_address;
    ParamRef input_address;
    AddressRef dst_address;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(state_address, input_address, dst_address);
};
 
struct TORADIXBE_Instruction {
    ParamRef value_address;       // FF: value to convert
    ParamRef radix_address;       // U32: the radix/base
    ParamRef num_limbs_address;   // U32: number of output limbs
    ParamRef output_bits_address; // U1: whether output is bits
    AddressRef dst_address;       // destination for limbs
    bool is_output_bits;          // known at generation time for memory tracking (U1 if true, U8 if false)
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(
        value_address, radix_address, num_limbs_address, output_bits_address, dst_address, is_output_bits);
};
 
struct DEBUGLOG_Instruction {
    ParamRef level_offset;
    ParamRef message_offset;
    ParamRef fields_offset;
    ParamRef fields_size_offset;
    uint16_t message_size;
    SERIALIZATION_FIELDS(level_offset, message_offset, fields_offset, fields_size_offset, message_size);
};
 
using FuzzInstruction = std::variant<ADD_8_Instruction,
                                     FDIV_8_Instruction,
                                     SET_8_Instruction,
                                     SET_16_Instruction,
                                     SET_32_Instruction,
                                     SET_64_Instruction,
                                     SET_128_Instruction,
                                     SET_FF_Instruction,
                                     MOV_8_Instruction,
                                     MOV_16_Instruction,
                                     SUB_8_Instruction,
                                     MUL_8_Instruction,
                                     DIV_8_Instruction,
                                     EQ_8_Instruction,
                                     LT_8_Instruction,
                                     LTE_8_Instruction,
                                     AND_8_Instruction,
                                     OR_8_Instruction,
                                     XOR_8_Instruction,
                                     SHL_8_Instruction,
                                     SHR_8_Instruction,
                                     NOT_8_Instruction,
                                     ADD_16_Instruction,
                                     SUB_16_Instruction,
                                     MUL_16_Instruction,
                                     DIV_16_Instruction,
                                     FDIV_16_Instruction,
                                     EQ_16_Instruction,
                                     LT_16_Instruction,
                                     LTE_16_Instruction,
                                     AND_16_Instruction,
                                     OR_16_Instruction,
                                     XOR_16_Instruction,
                                     NOT_16_Instruction,
                                     SHL_16_Instruction,
                                     SHR_16_Instruction,
                                     CAST_8_Instruction,
                                     CAST_16_Instruction,
                                     SSTORE_Instruction,
                                     SLOAD_Instruction,
                                     GETENVVAR_Instruction,
                                     EMITNULLIFIER_Instruction,
                                     NULLIFIEREXISTS_Instruction,
                                     L1TOL2MSGEXISTS_Instruction,
                                     EMITNOTEHASH_Instruction,
                                     NOTEHASHEXISTS_Instruction,
                                     CALLDATACOPY_Instruction,
                                     SENDL2TOL1MSG_Instruction,
                                     EMITPUBLICLOG_Instruction,
                                     CALL_Instruction,
                                     RETURNDATASIZE_Instruction,
                                     RETURNDATACOPY_Instruction,
                                     GETCONTRACTINSTANCE_Instruction,
                                     SUCCESSCOPY_Instruction,
                                     ECADD_Instruction,
                                     POSEIDON2PERM_Instruction,
                                     KECCAKF1600_Instruction,
                                     SHA256COMPRESSION_Instruction,
                                     TORADIXBE_Instruction,
                                     DEBUGLOG_Instruction>;
 
template <class... Ts> struct overloaded : Ts... {
    using Ts::operator()...;
};
template <class... Ts> overloaded(Ts...) -> overloaded<Ts...>;
 
inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const MemoryTagWrapper& tag)
{
    os << tag.value;
    return os;
}
 
inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const VariableRef& variable)
{
    os << "VariableRef " << variable.tag << " " << variable.index << " "
       << static_cast<int>(static_cast<AddressingMode>(variable.mode));
    return os;
}
 
inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const AddressRef& result_address)
{
    os << "AddressRef " << result_address.address << " "
       << static_cast<int>(static_cast<AddressingMode>(result_address.mode));
    return os;
}
 
inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const ParamRef& param)
{
    std::visit([&](auto&& arg) { os << arg; }, param);
    return os;
}
 
inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const FuzzInstruction& instruction)
{
    std::visit(
        overloaded{
            [&](ADD_8_Instruction arg) {
                os << "ADD_8_Instruction " << arg.a_address << " " << arg.b_address << " " << arg.result_address;
            },
            [&](SET_8_Instruction arg) {
                os << "SET_8_Instruction " << arg.value_tag << " " << arg.result_address << " " << arg.value;
            },
            [&](SET_16_Instruction arg) {
                os << "SET_16_Instruction " << arg.value_tag << " " << arg.result_address << " " << arg.value;
            },
            [&](SET_32_Instruction arg) {
                os << "SET_32_Instruction " << arg.value_tag << " " << arg.result_address << " " << arg.value;
            },
            [&](SET_64_Instruction arg) {
                os << "SET_64_Instruction " << arg.value_tag << " " << arg.result_address << " " << arg.value;
            },
            [&](SET_128_Instruction arg) {
                os << "SET_128_Instruction " << arg.value_tag << " " << arg.result_address << " " << arg.value_high
                   << " " << arg.value_low;
            },
            [&](SET_FF_Instruction arg) {
                os << "SET_FF_Instruction " << arg.value_tag << " " << arg.result_address << " " << arg.value;
            },
            [&](SUB_8_Instruction arg) {
                os << "SUB_8_Instruction " << arg.a_address << " " << arg.b_address << " " << arg.result_address;
            },
            [&](MUL_8_Instruction arg) {
                os << "MUL_8_Instruction " << arg.a_address << " " << arg.b_address << " " << arg.result_address;
            },
            [&](DIV_8_Instruction arg) {
                os << "DIV_8_Instruction " << arg.a_address << " " << arg.b_address << " " << arg.result_address;
            },
            [&](FDIV_8_Instruction arg) {
                os << "FDIV_8_Instruction " << arg.a_address << " " << arg.b_address << " " << arg.result_address;
            },
            [&](EQ_8_Instruction arg) {
                os << "EQ_8_Instruction " << arg.a_address << " " << arg.b_address << " " << arg.result_address;
            },
            [&](LT_8_Instruction arg) {
                os << "LT_8_Instruction " << arg.a_address << " " << arg.b_address << " " << arg.result_address;
            },
            [&](LTE_8_Instruction arg) {
                os << "LTE_8_Instruction " << arg.a_address << " " << arg.b_address << " " << arg.result_address;
            },
            [&](AND_8_Instruction arg) {
                os << "AND_8_Instruction " << arg.a_address << " " << arg.b_address << " " << arg.result_address;
            },
            [&](OR_8_Instruction arg) {
                os << "OR_8_Instruction " << arg.a_address << " " << arg.b_address << " " << arg.result_address;
            },
            [&](XOR_8_Instruction arg) {
                os << "XOR_8_Instruction " << arg.a_address << " " << arg.b_address << " " << arg.result_address;
            },
            [&](SHL_8_Instruction arg) {
                os << "SHL_8_Instruction " << arg.a_address << " " << arg.b_address << " " << arg.result_address;
            },
            [&](SHR_8_Instruction arg) {
                os << "SHR_8_Instruction " << arg.a_address << " " << arg.b_address << " " << arg.result_address;
            },
            [&](NOT_8_Instruction arg) { os << "NOT_8_Instruction " << arg.a_address << " " << arg.result_address; },
            [&](ADD_16_Instruction arg) {
                os << "ADD_16_Instruction " << arg.a_address << " " << arg.b_address << " " << arg.result_address;
            },
            [&](SUB_16_Instruction arg) {
                os << "SUB_16_Instruction " << arg.a_address << " " << arg.b_address << " " << arg.result_address;
            },
            [&](MUL_16_Instruction arg) {
                os << "MUL_16_Instruction " << arg.a_address << " " << arg.b_address << " " << arg.result_address;
            },
            [&](DIV_16_Instruction arg) {
                os << "DIV_16_Instruction " << arg.a_address << " " << arg.b_address << " " << arg.result_address;
            },
            [&](FDIV_16_Instruction arg) {
                os << "FDIV_16_Instruction " << arg.a_address << " " << arg.b_address << " " << arg.result_address;
            },
            [&](EQ_16_Instruction arg) {
                os << "EQ_16_Instruction " << arg.a_address << " " << arg.b_address << " " << arg.result_address;
            },
            [&](LT_16_Instruction arg) {
                os << "LT_16_Instruction " << arg.a_address << " " << arg.b_address << " " << arg.result_address;
            },
            [&](LTE_16_Instruction arg) {
                os << "LTE_16_Instruction " << arg.a_address << " " << arg.b_address << " " << arg.result_address;
            },
            [&](AND_16_Instruction arg) {
                os << "AND_16_Instruction " << arg.a_address << " " << arg.b_address << " " << arg.result_address;
            },
            [&](OR_16_Instruction arg) {
                os << "OR_16_Instruction " << arg.a_address << " " << arg.b_address << " " << arg.result_address;
            },
            [&](XOR_16_Instruction arg) {
                os << "XOR_16_Instruction " << arg.a_address << " " << arg.b_address << " " << arg.result_address;
            },
            [&](NOT_16_Instruction arg) { os << "NOT_16_Instruction " << arg.a_address << " " << arg.result_address; },
            [&](SHL_16_Instruction arg) {
                os << "SHL_16_Instruction " << arg.a_address << " " << arg.b_address << " " << arg.result_address;
            },
            [&](SHR_16_Instruction arg) {
                os << "SHR_16_Instruction " << arg.a_address << " " << arg.b_address << " " << arg.result_address;
            },
            [&](CAST_8_Instruction arg) {
                os << "CAST_8_Instruction " << arg.src_tag << " " << arg.src_address << " " << arg.result_address << " "
                   << arg.target_tag;
            },
            [&](CAST_16_Instruction arg) {
                os << "CAST_16_Instruction " << arg.src_tag << " " << arg.src_address << " " << arg.result_address
                   << " " << arg.target_tag;
            },
            [&](MOV_8_Instruction arg) {
                os << "MOV_8_Instruction " << arg.value_tag << " " << arg.src_address << " " << arg.result_address;
            },
            [&](MOV_16_Instruction arg) {
                os << "MOV_16_Instruction " << arg.value_tag << " " << arg.src_address << " " << arg.result_address;
            },
            [&](SSTORE_Instruction arg) {
                os << "SSTORE_Instruction " << arg.src_address << " " << arg.result_address << " " << arg.slot;
            },
            [&](SLOAD_Instruction arg) { os << "SLOAD_Instruction " << arg.slot_address << " " << arg.result_address; },
            [&](GETENVVAR_Instruction arg) {
                os << "GETENVVAR_Instruction " << arg.result_address << " " << static_cast<int>(arg.type);
            },
            [&](EMITNULLIFIER_Instruction arg) { os << "EMITNULIFIER_Instruction " << arg.nullifier_address; },
            [&](NULLIFIEREXISTS_Instruction arg) {
                os << "NULLIFIEREXISTS_Instruction " << arg.siloed_nullifier_address << " " << arg.result_address;
            },
            [&](L1TOL2MSGEXISTS_Instruction arg) {
                os << "L1TOL2MSGEXISTS_Instruction " << arg.msg_hash_address << " " << arg.leaf_index_address << " "
                   << arg.result_address;
            },
            [&](EMITNOTEHASH_Instruction arg) {
                os << "EMITNOTEHASH_Instruction " << arg.note_hash_address << " " << arg.note_hash;
            },
            [&](NOTEHASHEXISTS_Instruction arg) {
                os << "NOTEHASHEXISTS_Instruction " << arg.notehash_address << " " << arg.notehash_address << " "
                   << arg.leaf_index_address << " " << arg.result_address;
            },
            [&](CALLDATACOPY_Instruction arg) {
                os << "CALLDATACOPY_Instruction " << arg.copy_size_address << " " << arg.cd_offset_address << " "
                   << arg.dst_address;
            },
            [&](SENDL2TOL1MSG_Instruction arg) {
                os << "SENDL2TOL1MSG_Instruction " << arg.recipient_address << " " << arg.content_address;
            },
            [&](EMITPUBLICLOG_Instruction arg) {
                os << "EMITPUBLICLOG_Instruction " << arg.log_size_address << " " << arg.log_values_address;
            },
            [&](CALL_Instruction arg) {
                os << "CALL_Instruction " << arg.l2_gas_address << " " << arg.da_gas_address << " "
                   << arg.contract_address_address << " " << arg.calldata_size_address << " " << arg.calldata_address
                   << " " << arg.is_static_call;
            },
            [&](RETURNDATASIZE_Instruction arg) { os << "RETURNDATASIZE_Instruction " << arg.dst_address; },
            [&](RETURNDATACOPY_Instruction arg) {
                os << "RETURNDATACOPY_Instruction " << arg.copy_size_address << " " << arg.rd_offset_address << " "
                   << arg.dst_address;
            },
            [&](ECADD_Instruction arg) {
                os << "ECADD_Instruction " << arg.p1_x << " " << arg.p1_y << " " << arg.p2_x << " " << arg.p2_y << " "
                   << arg.result;
            },
            [&](POSEIDON2PERM_Instruction arg) {
                os << "POSEIDON2PERM_Instruction " << arg.src_address << " " << arg.dst_address;
            },
            [&](KECCAKF1600_Instruction arg) {
                os << "KECCAKF1600_Instruction " << arg.src_address << " " << arg.dst_address;
            },
            [&](SHA256COMPRESSION_Instruction arg) {
                os << "SHA256COMPRESSION_Instruction " << arg.state_address << " " << arg.input_address << " "
                   << arg.dst_address;
            },
            [&](TORADIXBE_Instruction arg) {
                os << "TORADIXBE_Instruction " << arg.value_address << " " << arg.radix_address << " "
                   << arg.num_limbs_address << " " << arg.output_bits_address << " " << arg.dst_address << " "
                   << arg.is_output_bits;
            },
            [&](DEBUGLOG_Instruction arg) {
                os << "DEBUGLOG_Instruction " << arg.level_offset << " " << arg.message_offset << " "
                   << arg.fields_offset << " " << arg.fields_size_offset << " " << arg.message_size;
            },
            [&](auto) { os << "Unknown instruction"; },
        },
        instruction);
    return os;
}